{"id":24607,"date":"2023-07-31T10:11:47","date_gmt":"2023-07-31T10:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archiframe.fi\/?page_id=24607"},"modified":"2023-07-31T10:11:47","modified_gmt":"2023-07-31T10:11:47","slug":"creating-a-roof-structure","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/archiframe.fi\/en\/creating-a-roof-structure\/","title":{"rendered":"Creating a roof structure"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Transcript for the video \u201cCreating a roof structure\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

(00:00) In this video, we\u2019ll create the roof structure for our sample house. So as we saw in the introductory video, our ArchiCAD roof contains two layers: a thicker bottom layer and a thin top layer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(00:14) In ArchiFrame, we will model a ridge beam supported by the wall framing, thick I-beams supported by the framing and the ridge beam, thinner roof rafters resting on the I-beams which support the top layer of the roof and finally, these extra small roof rafters supporting the eaves of the roof. Our roof also has a valley rafter, but we\u2019ll look at that in the next video.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(00:50) Let\u2019s start by creating this ridge beam. I\u2019ll go to the floor plan view of the finished model to open a section of the roof so we can see how the ridge beam should be positioned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(01:04) So the ridge beam is placed in the middle of the roof. And height-wise, it is located just above the roof\u2019s gypsum layer. In our house, the height of this spot is 7191,3 mm relative to the project\u2019s level 0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(01:24) Then I\u2019ll go back to the project we\u2019ve been working on. As you can see, I\u2019ve finished modelling all the walls of the house. I\u2019ll open the roof plan and place a new plank in the center of the roof. For the material, I\u2019ll choose \u201cblock\u201d and give it dimensions of 80mm x 300mm. I\u2019ll choose the center of the bottom edge as the anchor. And I\u2019ll set the level to 7191,3mm relative to the project\u2019s zero level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(01:59) The tilt angle should be zero, since our plank is horizontal instead of a column. Rotation angle is also zero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(02:09) Then I\u2019ll place the plank so that it starts from the outer edge of the wall\u2019s framing layer and ends on the other side. In this view, you can see the framing layer as a trace reference from the storey below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(02:30) We also have another ridge beam here. It\u2019s height can be checked in the same way as the previous one\u2019s, and it should be 6711,6 mm. I\u2019ll just go ahead and place the beam in the same way as before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(02:52) Here\u2019s the result in 3D. So this is the shorter ridge beam and here is the longer one. As you can see, there are some intersections between the ridge beams and the current wall framing. We also need to place a column below this shorter ridge beam. I\u2019ll make these changes later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(03:19) Next, let\u2019s create the I-beams that rest on the ridge beam and on the wall framing. I\u2019ll create a single plank first; the name of the material should be I300. This time, I\u2019ll choose the top left corner as the anchor, but I won\u2019t make other changes to the level settings for now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(03:39) Instead, I\u2019ll choose the plank\u2019s level by picking the drawing plane in 3D. I\u2019ll turn on the layer of the top level of the roof. Then I\u2019ll choose the drawing plane option of the drop down menu and then click \u201cpick\u201d and choose the underside of roof as the drawing plane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(04:04) If I now place the plank, its top side would be at the top roof\u2019s underside, as shown in this screenshot. Instead, we need to leave room for the top roof rafters which are 148mm thick, like this. Therefore in the plank settings, I\u2019ll change the plank\u2019s level to -148mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(04:28) Now I\u2019m ready to add the plank. I\u2019ll place it 524 mm away from the wall – here\u2019s a helper line to get the position right. Here is also a screenshot explaining why this is the right position. So the supports for the eaves must be supported by the wall framing from the middle. And that\u2019s why we can\u2019t place the roof rafter closer to the wall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(04:57) Now I\u2019ll add the rafter and make it slightly too long on both sides. Then I\u2019ll create a section of the rafter. In the section view, I\u2019ll cut the rafter using the \u201ccut and join\u201d tool in the plank menu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(05:29) Before making the cut, remember to reset the drawing plane (which was set to the roof\u2019s angle before). I don\u2019t need to do that now because opening the section view resets the plane automatically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(05:43) I\u2019ll select the option to cut by drawing a line perpendicular to the drawing plane. Then I\u2019ll simply draw lines where I want the rafter to be cut. First, I\u2019ll cut it where it meets the wall framing. And then in the vertical direction, I\u2019ll cut the rafter at the outer edge of the wall framing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(06:16) Now let\u2019s look at the rafter in 3D. The bottom edge looks good, which means I can mirror and copy the rafter to the other side of the ridge beam. Let\u2019s go back to the section view to do that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(06:38) I\u2019ll select the rafter and press Ctrl+Shift+M to mirror a copy along the center of the ridge beam. It looks like the new I-beam is positioned correctly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(06:52) Then I\u2019ll go to the 3D view and adjust the rafters\u2019 ends together with the \u201cAdjust plank ends\u201d tool. \u2026. As you can see, there\u2019s still overlap with the ridge beam, which can be fixed with the groove tool. I could use the \u201csimple\u201d groove tool in the ordinary plank tools, however it\u2019s better to use the more detailed groove tool in the Extended plank tool palette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(07:23) The extended tool palette can be found by pressing Ctrl while clicking the plank tool icon in the ArchiFrame main menu. Here we can find another groove tool with mostly the same settings as in the simple version. I\u2019ll explain the difference between the tools in a minute. For the oversize, let\u2019s set 0 for the top and bottom, and 2 mm for the left and right. (We don\u2019t need to set the oversize separately for the right side if it\u2019s the same as for the left side).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(07:53) We don\u2019t need to change any other settings. So now we can choose the operator (which is the roof rafter) and then select the ridge beam and click \u201cDo new.\u201d Then I\u2019ll do the same for the other side. So again, select the rafter as the operator, select the ridge beam, and \u201cDo New\u201d. So we got a groove around the ridge beam, and there\u2019s a small gap on the left and right sides of the ridge beam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(08:30) The difference between the extended plank tools and the ordinary ones is that the extended tools save information of all the machinings that a plank has. So here you can see a list of all the machinings; in this case, our roof rafter has angled ends and a groove. With this list, we can edit the groove at any time. For example, I could move one of the planks and the groove\u2019s position would change too. With the simple groove tool, such editing would not be possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(09:00) Now this pair of roof rafters looks good. Next, we\u2019ll do the top roof rafters shown here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(09:10) So again, I\u2019ll go to the plank tool and select the material 42×148 for my plank. And I\u2019ll pick the underside of the top roof as my drawing plane. Then I\u2019ll choose the top edge of the plank as my anchor point, and set the height to 0 since we want the plank to be directly below the top layer of the roof. Rotation angle and tilt angle should also be 0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(09:43) Then I\u2019ll place the plank in the roof plan view directly on top of our existing rafter. I\u2019ll make the rafter extend slightly beyond the centre of the roof again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(09:58) Then I\u2019ll go to the 3D view and edit the end of the rafter with the rafter ending tool. These settings are fine, so I\u2019ll just add the machining by clicking here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(10:17) The roof rafter is too short to support the top layer of the roof, so we have to extend it a little in the floor plan view. Here I can also mirror a copy of the rafter to the other side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(10:44) Then, let\u2019s return to the 3D view again and match the top ends of the rafters together. I\u2019ll do this with the adjust plank ends tool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(11:11) So now this first set of roof rafters looks good. Next, I\u2019ll copy all the rafters along the roof using the ArchiFrame Multiply tool, which can be found under the arrow in the main menu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(11:25) We could try and place these rafters in the same spots as the wall studs below, however I\u2019ll just set a fixed spacing of 600mm between the rafters because this makes it much easier to match the roof rafters going in the other direction with these ones. So in the Multiply tool, I\u2019ll select the Increment option and set that to 600mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(12:01) I don\u2019t want to have a rafter at the very end of the roof on the other side, since we need to leave some space for the mini rafter again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(12:11) Next, I would repeat this procedure for the roof going in the other direction. I\u2019ll skip that in this video, because the process is the same as the one we just saw. Here is the final result. So here again we have both the top rafters and the bottom I-beams. Here\u2019s the 3D view.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(12:39) Finally, we\u2019ll now fix these intersections between the rafters going in different directions and create a valley rafter in between them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(12:49) I\u2019ll go to the floor plan view and select two I-beams perpendicular to each other. Then I\u2019ll open the hip\/valley rafter tool from the plank tools window. Here I\u2019ll choose a material for the valley rafter – in this case the same 300 mm tall I-beam. So as you can see, a valley rafter was created. Now I\u2019ll do the same for the other side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(13:19) And now I\u2019ll do the same for the top roof rafters. This time, I\u2019ll select the 42×148 plank as the valley rafter\u2019s material. And now the other side again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(13:40) So here\u2019s the result in 3D. As you can see, we have quite a lot of cutting or subtracting to do to get rid of all these intersecting rafters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(13:50) The cutting is easiest to do in the floor plan view with the \u201cAdjust plank ends\u201d tool. So I\u2019ll select the top valley rafter on one side as the operator. In the \u201cadjust to operator\u201d section, I\u2019ll choose \u201ccut with downwards extrusion\u201d. I\u2019ll explain what this means in a minute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(14:13) Then I\u2019ll select the top rafters going in the x-direction that I want to trim to the valley rafter. I\u2019ll click \u201cDo\u201d. As you can see, the extra pieces below the valley rafter were automatically deleted. This is because of the \u201ccut with downwards extrusion\u201d setting I chose earlier – so everything below the operator (which was the valley rafter in this case) was cut and deleted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(14:41) Now I\u2019ll do the same thing with the bottom rafters, which are shorter and have dashed lines in the middle. So again, I\u2019ll select the bottom valley rafter as the operator. And then I\u2019ll select the bottom rafters that I want to trim to the valley rafter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(15:04) Here\u2019s the result in 3D. Then I\u2019ll do the other side in the same way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(15:41) Now I\u2019ll repeat the process for the top and bottom rafters going in the Y-direction. I\u2019ll skip ahead to the finished result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(15:51) This is already starting to look like a proper roof structure, however there are still some intersections between the rafters and the wall framing, for example. In the next video, we will tidy those up and also add the extra small roof rafters above the triangular parts of the walls.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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